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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Synthesis of kohlrabi seed extract-based silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antibacterial and anticancer activities

Kawther A. Khalaph1* ,  Sarab Hussein Khaleel1 ,  Qabas A. Mohammed1 ,  Bdoor Satar Albhadly2
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1 Department of Physiology, Medical College, Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Department of Molecular Biologyi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetics Research, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
BMT, 172 https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.25.00172
Submitted: 4 September 2025 | Revised: 18 December 2025 | Accepted: 19 January 2026 | Published: 17 March 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). Licensee Biomaterials Translational, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en)
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Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in biomedical applications, and an eco-friendly approach to their synthesis is required. In the present study, AgNPs were synthesized using kohlrabi seed extract as a natural reducing and capping agent to reduce silver ions (Ag+) to the metallic form. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of AgNPs were characterized using techniques such as ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. UV–vis spectra indicated a well-defined surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed a crystalline size of 26.7 nm. Cytotoxicity of the AgNPs was assessed using the crystal violet dye in the AMJ13 breast cancer cell line. This revealed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, with 68% growth inhibition of AMJ13 cells at 1 μg/mL. Altogether, this study signifies the potential of AgNPs mediated by kohlrabi seed extract as multifunctional nanomaterials with significant implications for antimicrobial and anticancer studies.

Keywords
Silver nanoparticles
AMJ13
Gram-positive bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The researchers confirm that no conflicts of interest could affect the content of this work.
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