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REVIEW

Research advances in nanozyme-based therapies for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome

Chang Liu1,2* ,  Dan Liang3,4 ,  Kun Xiao5* ,  Lixin Xie2,5* ,  Shengqing Li1*
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1 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
2 Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
3 Department of Endocrine, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
4 Department of Clinical Medicine, West China Medical College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
5 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
BMT, 275 https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.25.00275
Submitted: 26 December 2025 | Revised: 6 August 2026 | Accepted: 4 September 2026 | Published: 13 October 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). Licensee Biomaterials Translational, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en)
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Abstract

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are serious respiratory conditions associated with high mortality rates, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, nanozymes have emerged as a promising treatment modality for ALI/ARDS due to their superior biocompatibility and targeting capabilities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the definition and classification of nanozymes and summarizes their advantages and mechanisms of action in ALI and ARDS, including antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and promotion of cellular repair. We further discuss representative nanozyme types, including metal oxide, noble metal, carbon-based, and emerging platforms, as well as design and optimization strategies and pre-clinical evidence from animal models. We also compare nanozyme-based therapies with current pharmacotherapies for ALI/ARDS, highlighting their potential advantages in multi-enzyme-like catalytic activity, pulmonary targeting, and combined antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, we address the challenges and future directions associated with clinical translation. In summary, nanozymes represent a promising therapeutic platform for ALI/ARDS, but their clinical translation will require further optimization of delivery, safety, standardization, and scalable manufacturing.

Keywords
Nanozyme
Acute lung injury
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Antioxidant
Anti-inflammatory
Cellular repair
Funding
The research was financially supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China (Grant No. 82100096), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFC2303200), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 82341119, 82172109, 82070001).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this paper.
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