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RESEARCH ARTICLE
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Design and evaluation of a novel sub-scaffold dental implant system based on the osteoinduction of micro-nano bioactive glass

Fujian Zhao1 ,  Zhen Yang2,3 ,  Lu Liu2,3 ,  Dafu Chen4 ,  Longquan Shao1* ,  Xiaofeng Chen2,3*
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1 Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
3 National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
4 Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China.
BMT 2020 , 1(1), 82–88; https://doi.org/10.3877/cma.j.issn.2096-112X.2020.01.008
Submitted: 21 August 2020 | Revised: 26 October 2020 | Accepted: 30 October 2020 | Published: 28 December 2020
Copyright © 2020 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 License.
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Abstract

Alveolar ridge atrophy brings great challenges for endosteal implantation due to the lack of adequate vertical bone mass to hold the implants. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel dental implant design: sub-scaffold dental implant system (SDIS), which is composed of a metal implant and a micro-nano bioactive glass scaffold. This implant system can be directly implanted under mucous membranes without adding any biomolecules or destroying the alveolar ridge. To evaluate the performance of the novel implant system in vivo, SDISs were implanted into the sub-epicranial aponeurosis space of Sprague-Dawley rats. After 6 weeks, the SDIS and surrounding tissues were collected and analysed by micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy and histology. Our results showed that SDISs implanted into the sub-epicranial aponeurosis had integrated with the skull without any mobility and could stably support a denture. Moreover, this design achieved alveolar ridge augmentation, as active osteogenesis could be observed outside the cortical bone. Considering that the microenvironment of the sub-epicranial aponeurosis space is similar to that of the alveolar ridge, SDISs have great potential for clinical applications in the treatment of atrophic alveolar ridges. The study was approved by the Animal Care Committee of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (approval No. 2017370).

Keywords
alveolar ridge augmentation
micro-nano bioactive glass
osteoinduction
sub-scaffold dental implant system
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare they have no competing interests.
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