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Advances in graphene quantum dot-based bio-nanocomposite hydrogel for drug delivery application in wound healing

Ishika Dey1# ,  Ahana Hazra1# ,  Sourav Mondal1 ,  Koushik Ghosh1 ,  Pratibha Bhowmick1 ,  Mithun Bhowmick1*
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1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
BMT, 100 https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.25.00100
Submitted: 14 July 2025 | Revised: 21 January 2026 | Accepted: 29 January 2026 | Published: 26 June 2026
© 2026 by the Author(s). Licensee Biomaterials Translational, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en)
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Abstract

Bacterial infection of the wound can lead to significant complications and substantial medical and financial expenses due to the rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Researchers have studied the potential antibacterial properties of hydrogels, an emerging technology, to prevent wound infections and promote wound healing. Graphene is a two-dimensional sheet composed of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. It is strong, conductive, and antibacterial, offering superior molecular carrier capabilities. Graphene and its derivatives, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have antibacterial properties and the potential to alter bacterial structure, causing the leakage of intracellular materials. Moreover, several antibacterial agents, including metal nanoparticles, organic chemicals, and antibiotics, could be functionalized onto graphene platforms to control wound infections. Near-infrared light can be absorbed by GQDs, making them suitable for antimicrobial photodynamic treatment. Consequently, one of the main obstacles to treating wound infections is the use of GQDs to inhibit microorganisms that cause serious skin infections and eliminate their biofilm community. The GQD bio-nanocomposite hydrogel effectively traps and immobilizes bacteria within its conglomerated structure, thereby inhibiting initial bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation. This will stimulate research into novel materials, such as GQD bio-nanocomposite hydrogels, for wound healing treatment in academia as well as in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries.

Keywords
Graphene quantum dots
Nanocomposite
Graphene quantum dot hybrid hydrogel
Wound healing
Tissue regeneration
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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