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REVIEW
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Research progress on the role and mechanism of magnesium-containing materials in bone repair

Yuanchao Zhu1# ,  Junyu Su1# ,  Tiantian Qi2,3# ,  Geng Zhang2,3 ,  Peng Liu3 ,  Haotian Qin2,3 ,  Qi Yang4 ,  Sen Yao5 ,  Yien Zheng6 ,  Jian Weng2,3* ,  Hui Zeng7* ,  Fei Yu2,3*
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1 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
2 Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
3 National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
4 Department of Ultrasonography, Peking University Shenzhen hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
5 Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
6 Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
7 Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
BMT 2025 , 6(2), 114–126; https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.24.00038
Submitted: 4 July 2024 | Revised: 7 September 2024 | Accepted: 8 October 2024 | Published: 25 June 2025
Copyright © 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 License.
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Abstract

Bones can fulfill functions in movement, attachment, and protection of internal organs. Bone diseases caused by ageing, trauma, infection, and other reasons may seriously affect the daily life of patients. Magnesium ions are closely associated with the maintenance of bone health. Integrating magnesium ions into delivery systems and hydrogels can improve their application, thus directly acting on the osteoblast cell lineage and influencing the proliferation and differentiation of relevant cells. The slow release of magnesium ions allows for their effects on the target site for a long time, reducing the clearance of magnesium ions in the body, which significantly contributes to bone repair. Magnesium-based bioalloy scaffolds have received widespread attention for their favourable biocompatibility, degradability, and bone-forming properties and play an important role in bone regeneration and repair. This article presents a review on the role and mechanism of magnesium-containing materials in bone repair and regeneration. By discussing the current challenges and future directions for magnesium-containing biomaterials, new insights are provided into the development of these materials in the field of orthopaedics. In conclusion, magnesium-containing biomaterials have great application value in orthopaedics.

Keywords
Bone repair
Delivery system
Magnesium ions
Magnesium-based bioalloy scaffolds
Magnesium-loaded hydrogels
Funding
This work was supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82102568, 82172432); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Nos. 2022A1515220111, 2022B1515120046, 2021A1515220037, 2022A1515220165); Shenzhen Key Medical Discipline Construction Fund (No. SZXK023); Shenzhen “San-Ming” Project of Medicine (No. SZSM202211038); Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No.JCYJ20220818102815033; No.KCXFZ20201221173411031; No.JCYJ20210324110214040; No. JCYJ20210324105806016), The Scientific Research Foundation of PEKING UNIVERSITY SHENZHEN HOSPITAL (No. KYQD2021099) and Shenzhen High-level Hospital Construction Fund.
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Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
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