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REVIEW
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Electrostrategies in orthopaedic research

Jing-Cheng Cao1,2,3# ,  Ze-Yu Shang4# ,  Yi-Fan Zhang1,2,3# ,  Hong-Zhi Lv1,2,3 ,  Tai-Long Shi1,2,3 ,  Yu-Qin Zhang1,2,3 ,  Hai-Cheng Wang5 ,  Yi-Peng Jiang1,2,3 ,  Yi-Sheng Chen6 ,  Wei Chen1,2,3* ,  Meng-Xuan Yao1,2,3*
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1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
2 Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
3 NHC Key Laboratory of Intelligent Orthopaedic Equipment, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
4 Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
5 Department of Orthopaedics, Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine in Hebei Province, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
6 Department of Orthopaedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
BMT 2025 , 6(3), 294–313; https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.24.00011
Submitted: 6 March 2024 | Revised: 30 April 2024 | Accepted: 27 July 2024 | Published: 22 September 2025
Copyright © 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 License.
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Abstract

Electrostrategies encompassing electrical stimulation and biomaterials with conductive or piezoelectric properties have garnered escalating interest within the orthopaedic research domain. We conducted a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 2810 publications on electrostrategies in orthopaedic research a field for which no extensive overview has been provided to date. This study highlighted two main phases of progress since 1980 indicating an increasing emphasis on electrostrategies. We identified key contributors including institutions and authors with concentrated activity in North America, Europe and Asia. The study also outlined the most influential and co-cited journals in this domain. Our keyword analysis underscored “electrical-stimulation” “bone” and “in vitro” as prevalent themes with a significant focus on the effects of electrical stimulation on bone growth proliferation differentiation and its applications in bone surgeries. The keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed four major thematic clusters: “electrical-stimulation” “bone” “surgery” and “bone-mineral density.” Our findings underscored essential research directions such as the manufacturing and application of conductive and piezoelectric biomaterials and electrically-guided stem cell differentiation. The study also pointed out the potential to enhance orthopaedic treatment methods and patients’ quality of life. Future research should focus on refining electrical stimulation conditions developing new piezoelectric materials and advancing personalised tissue engineering strategies. In conclusion this study illuminates the global trends and emerging hotspots of electrostrategies in orthopaedic research providing a valuable reference for its further application and understanding in the field.

Keywords
Bibliometric analysis
Conductive biomaterials
Electrical stimulation
Electrostrategies
Piezoelectric properties
Funding
This study was funded by the Hebei Province Graduate Innovation Funding Project (No. CXZZBS2024124), the Key Supported Projects of the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U22A20357), and the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China (No. 82102584).
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Conflict of interest
All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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