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REVIEW
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Advances in selenium research for bone and joint-related diseases: from pathophysiological mechanisms to therapeutic implications of selenium-based biomaterials

Hongyan Zhou1# ,  Xuan Yao2# ,  Shuhang Liu1# ,  Yuheng Li1 ,  Li Hu3 ,  Jing Zhang4 ,  Wenhui Hu1,5* ,  Shiwu Dong1,6*
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1 Department of Biomedical Materials Science, College of Biomedical Engineering, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
2 Department of Clinical Hematology, Faculty of Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
3 Department of Hematology and Oncology, No. 924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, Guangxi, China
4 College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
5 Department of Basic Medicine, Frontier Medical Service Training Brigade, Army Medical University, Changji, Xinjiang, China
6 State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
BMT, 00002 https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.25.00002
Submitted: 24 January 2025 | Revised: 16 March 2025 | Accepted: 24 March 2025 | Published: 9 May 2025
Copyright © 2025 by the Author(s). This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 License.
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Abstract

Selenium is an essential trace mineral crucial for human health. The selenium-selenoprotein axis exerts biological effects that are associated with bone and joint health. The metabolism of selenium in vivo involves multiple physiological mechanisms and organs working synergistically to maintain selenium homeostasis. Studies underscore the roles of selenium in diverse physiological processes, including antioxidant defense, anti-inflammatory responses, immune regulation, osteogenesis, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Conditions such as Kashin–Beck disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and osteoporosis have been linked to selenium deficiency. Adequate selenium supplementation has been shown to prevent and treat bone and joint-related diseases. While numerous natural and synthetic selenium compounds have been explored for their therapeutic potential in bone and joint-related diseases, their narrow therapeutic windows pose challenges. In recent years, selenium-based biomaterials have been extensively studied and applied in biomedical research. These biomaterials exhibit reduced toxicity and enhanced bioavailability compared to inorganic and organic selenium, making them promising strategies for targeted selenium delivery. Selenium-based biomaterials provide a more efficient alternative for the treatment of bone defects, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, OA, RA, and other related diseases. This review highlights the pathophysiological functions of selenium in maintaining bone and joint homeostasis and summarizes the current progress in utilizing selenium-based biomaterials for treating bone and joint-related diseases.

Keywords
Selenium
Selenoproteins
Bone and joint-related diseases
Selenium nanoparticles
Therapeutics
Funding
This work was financially supported by the Integration Project of the NSFC Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development (U23A6008), the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81930067), the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Joint Fund for Innovation and Development (CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0144), and the Chongqing Sports Research Project (B202333).
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
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