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REVIEW

Cubosomes as smart nanocarriers for antimicrobial agents: A review of emerging applications

Bazigha K. Abdul Rasool1* ,  Raneem Zakaria1 ,  Nour Hijazi1 ,  Aliasgar Shahiwala1
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1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
BMT, 50 https://doi.org/10.12336/bmt.25.00050
Submitted: 27 May 2025 | Revised: 17 November 2025 | Accepted: 19 November 2025 | Published: 17 December 2025
© 2025 by the Author(s). Licensee Biomaterials Translational, USA. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en)
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Abstract

Cubosomes, a distinctive class of lipid-based nanocarriers, have gained increasing attention as an advanced platform for drug delivery due to their bicontinuous cubic phase structure, high drug-loading capacity, and ability to provide sustained and controlled release. These nanoparticles are self-assembled from amphiphilic lipids and stabilizers, forming a highly ordered internal architecture that enables efficient encapsulation of hydrophilic, lipophilic, and amphiphilic molecules. This review summarizes recent advancements in the design and application of cubosome-based delivery systems, with emphasis on their structural composition, preparation techniques, and the advantages that they offer over conventional nanocarriers. Focus is also placed on their emerging role in antimicrobial therapy, where cubosomes have demonstrated significant potential as carriers for antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agents. Current research highlights the proficiency of cubosomes in enhancing solubility, improving bioavailability, and increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of various antimicrobial drugs. Their ability to overcome limitations such as rapid degradation, poor permeability, and drug resistance positions them as promising tools in combating persistent and emerging infectious diseases. Moreover, cubosomes have shown potential in disrupting biofilms and improving targeted delivery, further expanding their therapeutic relevance. Despite their promising attributes, challenges remain regarding large-scale manufacturing, stability during storage, and optimization of formulation parameters. Addressing these limitations will be essential to facilitate the clinical translation of cubosome-based nanomedicines. Future studies should focus on scalable production methods, enhanced stability strategies, and comprehensive in vivo evaluations to fully harness the potential of cubosomes in modern antimicrobial therapy.

Keywords
Cubosomes
Nanocarriers
Antimicrobial therapy
Drug delivery
Sustained release
Bioavailability
Funding
None.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
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